(1)  处处
omnipresent: in its strict sense is a divine attribute equivalent to immanent, but more commonly it implies presence or prevalence: the residents of that neighborhood have an ~ sense of fear.   （immanent无处不在的内在固有自然的implies what is present as a natural part of something and present everywhere，如God is immanent in the world上帝无所不在，如this is the most perfect immanent action possible to nature这是自然所能采取的最完美最内在的行动）  （词根OMNI表示all全部，如omnipotent万能omniscient无所不知omnivore杂食动物omnidirectional全向天线omnibus综合的，最早的汽车只能乘坐几个人，后来的大车可以搭载几乎"所有人"，称作omnibus，但不知为何1900年以后名字缩短成了bus）  （prevalence普遍流行很多implies frequency，如dairy farms were once prevalent in the area该地曾有很多奶牛场，如a prevalent view[url=][/url]/condition/disease普遍的观点/情况/流行疾病）
   
ubiquitous: implies a quality being so active or so numerous as to seem to be everywhere: ~ tourists toting their omnipresent cameras.

omnipresent无所不在:  严格说是神的属性，但也常表示普遍存在流行，ubiquitous到处都是: 表示数量多且活跃，好像到处都是

记忆方法: 1）处处的意思是到处都是mean present or existent everywhere.


(2)  多数
majority: implies that the winning candidate or opinion has received more votes than the other candidates or opinions combined; that is, the winning vote is in excess of half the votes: elected to the senate by a very slim ~.

plurality: merely implies that the winner has more votes than any other candidate or opinion, whether the majority of the total or not: a ~ of the voters defeated the referendum.

majority绝对多数:  表示比其余总和还要多，即超过了总票数的一半，plurality多数: 仅表示比其它任何都要多，但不一定是绝对多数

记忆方法: 1）多数的意思是数量比其它多，多指选举mean a number or quantity or part larger than some other expressed or implicit, particularly in reference to an election.


(3) 乏味
prosaic: implies an opposition to poetic and usually suggests a commonplace unexciting quality and the absence of everything that would stimulate feelings or awaken great interest: a downtown with a certain mundane,~ air.

prosy: stresses dullness or tediousness and when applied to persons usually implies a tendency to talk or write at length in an uninviting manner: wrote them a dull ~ letter.    (dull迟钝的基本意思是slow慢，如a dull knife钝刀是a quick(sharp) knife快刀的反义词，dull可以指思维不敏锐，如all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy光工作不玩耍聪明孩子也变傻，还表示无趣沉闷没意思，如a dull person一个无趣的人，如life in a small town could be deadly dull小城镇生活可能非常没意思)  tedious强调因为重复而厌烦repetition，boring强调因为缺乏刺激而厌烦lack of stimulation，因此a tedious/boring job都表示无聊的工作，基本意思相同，但暗示的原因稍有不同


matter-of-fact: implies a disinterest in the imaginative, speculative, visionary, romantic, or ideal; it may connote down-to-earth practicality and accuracy in detail: a ~ account of their adventure; but often it suggests preoccupation with the obvious and a neglect of more subtle values: took a very ~ attitude toward her illness.   （down-to-earth切合实际脚踏实地扎扎实实，形容人关注实事实物而非抽象理论applies to a person who concern oneself with practical things and actions, rather than with abstract theories，如 a down-to-earth introduction to physics对物理学的注重实际的介绍，I like your down-to-earth and hardworking spirit我喜欢你们脚踏实地埋头苦干的劲头）

  
prosaic乏味: 是诗意poetic的反义词，表示平常无趣，prosy乏味:  强调沉闷重复，语言文字冗长不吸引人，matter-of-fact务实或就事论事: 表示切合实际，而不是想象猜测设想理想，或表示只关注表面而忽略深层次关系

记忆方法: 1）乏味的意思是平凡实际缺乏想象力mean having a plain, practical, unimaginative quality or character. plain平凡表示不装饰不浮夸，如平凡的世界译名是ordinary world，但觉得用plain更好，2019-07-15中会介绍这个词，ordinary是符合常规常识所以平常，如ordinary day/man平常的一天/平常的人，感觉路遥应该不是强调符合常规常识，而是强调不加粉饰无以浮夸

(4)  虚荣
pride: may imply either justified OR unjustified self-esteem, and it may refer to real OR imagined merit or superiority or to feelings of proper respect for oneself and one's standards OR to blatant and arrogant conceit: took ~ in her marks.   （conceit自负是指过度骄傲too much pride，如he is conceited and ill-mannered他自负又无礼）

vanity: implies an excessive desire to win notice, approval, or prasie and connotes self-centeredness and may suggest concentration on trivia: a woman of enormous ~.  trivia琐事，来自tri三和via表示way，原意在路口谈论的事        注意不是vainity是vanity

vainglory: suggests excessive boastful pride often manifested in an arrogant display of one's vaunted qualities: resorted to bragging and ~ to get his own way.  vaunt和boast是同义词，但更强调炫耀铺张，brag则更进一步

pride骄傲: 泛指自我尊重，无论是否合理实际恰当，vainity虚荣: 过度希望赢得注意认可赞扬，常指在小事上以自我为中心，vainglory虚荣:  特制炫耀自己的长处

记忆方法: 1）虚荣的意思是认为自己优秀卓越mean the quality or feeling of a person who is firmly convinced of his or her own excellence or superiority.


(5) 寡头
oligarchy: is applicable to any government or state in which power is openly or virtually in the hands of a favored few: :the many ~ies of ancient Greece.   （virtually实际上的，表示只是表面不是事实implies only an apparent difference between seeming and reality，如the Prime Minister is virtually the ruler of his country首相是他们国家的实际统治者）  

aristocracy: basically and historically implies the rule of the best citizens, but in its more usual use it implies power vested in a privileged class, often regarded as superior in birth and breeding: a revolution that toppled the ~.  贵族本意是最好的公民

plutocracy: implies concentration of power in the hands of the wealthy and is regularly derogatory: successful attempts to prevent the state from becoming a ~.      冥王星是Pluto，古人认为地下有宝藏，而冥王负责地下世界，所以代表财富  

oligarchy寡头统治:  表示被少数人公开或实际上统治(的政府或国家)，aristocracy贵族、权贵统治:  历史上表示贵族统治，但也指出身特权阶级的统治，plutocracy富豪统治: 表示财阀富豪当政

记忆方法: 1）寡头的意思是少数人统治或被少数人统治的国家mean government by, or a state governed by, the few.    CRAT词根表示power权力，这些词表示权力在谁手里，如autocracy独裁专制指权力在个人手里，democracy民主指权力在人民手里，bureaucracy官僚统治指权力在坐在桌子旁边工作的人手里